Monday, March 25, 2024

Which Of The Following Statements About Schizophrenia Is True

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How Is Schizophreniform Disorder Treated

The Bizarre Link Between Blindness and Schizophrenia

The goal of treatment for schizophreniform disorder is to protect and stabilize you and relieve your symptoms. Treatment generally consists of medication and psychotherapy . People with severe symptoms or who are at risk of hurting themselves or others might need to be in the hospital until their condition is stabilized.

Medication The primary medications used to treat the psychotic symptoms of schizophreniform disorder such as delusions, hallucinations and disordered thinking are called anti-psychotics. A group of newer medicines, called atypical antipsychotics, are most commonly used. These include:

  • Risperidone .
  • Asenapine .
  • Lurasidone .

Psychotherapy The goal of therapy is to help your learn about the illness, establish goals and manage everyday problems related to the disorder. It also can help you manage the feelings of distress associated with the symptoms and challenge thoughts that might not be based in reality. Family therapy can help families deal more effectively with a loved one who has schizophreniform disorder, enabling them to contribute to a better outcome.

After your symptoms improve, you should continue treatment for 12 months. This includes gradually reducing the dosage of medication and carefully monitoring for signs of relapse . Also, its important to educate yourself and your family to help them cope with your illness and detect early signs of relapse.

Here Are Some Things You Can Do To Help Your Loved One:

  • Help them get treatment and encourage them to stay in treatment
  • Remember that their beliefs or hallucinations seem very real to them
  • Tell them that you acknowledge that everyone has the right to see things their way
  • Be respectful, supportive, and kind without tolerating dangerous or inappropriate behavior
  • Check to see if there are any support groups in your area

Some symptoms require immediate emergency care. If your loved one is thinking about harming themselves or others or attempting suicide, seek help right away:

What Is The Outlook For People With Schizophrenia

With proper treatment, most people with schizophrenia can lead productive and fulfilling lives. Depending on how severe the condition is and how well they get and stick with treatment, they should be able to live with their families or in community settings rather than in long-term psychiatric hospitals.

Ongoing research on the brain and how brain disorders happen will likely lead to more effective medicines with fewer side effects.

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Fast Five Quiz: Schizophrenia Differential Diagnosis

Stephen Soreff, MD

Delusions are fixed false beliefs or ideas. They commonly take one of two forms: grandiose or paranoid. In the grandiose type, the patient may think he or she is a god or president of a country. People with schizophrenia have the paranoid type of delusions.

In delusional disorder, a person has a variety of paranoid beliefs, but these beliefs are not bizarre and are not accompanied by any other symptoms of schizophrenia. For example, a person who is functioning well at work but becomes unreasonably convinced that his or her spouse is having an affair has a delusional disorder rather than schizophrenia. Delusional disorder is an illness characterized by at least 1 month of delusions but no other psychotic symptoms.

Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, or negative symptoms are some of the criteria for diagnosis of schizophrenia. Persons with delusional disorder have a variety of paranoid and delusional beliefs, but none of the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia.

Difficulty and lack of interest in forming close relationships with others and a preference for solitary activities are typical characteristics of schizoid personality disorder . No other symptoms of schizophrenia are present.

What You Can Do

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People can often manage the symptoms of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia with medication and therapy. Having a support system in place will increase your chances of successfully managing your symptoms. A support system may include family, friends, and the people in your workplace.

If you have either bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, you have an increased risk of suicide. See your doctor if you have thoughts of suicide. They can provide treatment. Support groups can help to reduce the risk of suicide. You should also avoid alcohol and drugs to further reduce your risk.

If you have bipolar disorder, you should do the following:

  • Follow a relatively stable lifestyle.
  • Get an adequate amount of sleep.
  • Maintain a healthy diet.

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All Of The Following Statements About The Genetic Basis Of Schizophrenia Are True Except

All of the following statements about the genetic basis of schizophrenia are trueEXCEPT that

A ) adoption studies indicate a biological basis for schizophrenia. B ) the concordance rate for schizophrenia is higher for monozygotic than for dizygotic twins. C ) a person with a schizophrenia gene will always develop schizophrenia. D ) several genes may be involved in schizophrenia. E ) genes impart a susceptibility to develop schizophrenia.

How Common Is Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is more common than most people think. About 1 in 200 of the people in the United States will develop schizophrenia over the course of their lives. It’s also important to know that schizophrenia has many different symptoms and can show up in many different ways.

Schizophrenia is not the same as a “split personality.” A split personality is another type of mental illness. Split personality is much less common than schizophrenia.

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Rating Scales For Catatonia

Using a rating scale helps to identify people who have catatonia that might otherwise not have been diagnosed .

The BushFrancis Catatonia Rating Scale appears to be the most widely used instrument for catatonia. The BFCRS has 23 items, and there is also a shorter, 14-item screening version. The reliability and validity of the BFCRS has been established . Reference Ungvari, Leung and NgUngvari et al reported that using the BFCRS, 32% of 225 patients with chronic schizophrenia met the criteria for catatonia. Their study adds strength to the view that catatonia is still not uncommon and that its incidence is grossly underestimated.

Another catatonia rating scale, the Modified Rogers Scale , has also been validated . The MRS rates abnormalities in movement, volition, speech and overall behaviour, and also aids in the distinction of catatonic signs from seemingly similar extrapyramidal side-effects .

Reference Peralta and CuestaPeralta & Cuesta have postulated that the presence of three or more of the following 11 signs constitutes a diagnosis of catatonic syndrome: immobility/stupor, mutism, negativism, oppositionism, posturing, catalepsy, automatic obedience, echophenomena, rigidity, verbigeration and withdrawal.

Articles On Schizophrenia Overview

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Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe mental disorder that affects the way a person thinks, acts, expresses emotions, perceives reality, and relates to others. Though schizophrenia isnât as common as other major mental illnesses, it can be the most chronic and disabling.

People with schizophrenia often have problems doing well in society, at work, at school, and in relationships. They might feel frightened and withdrawn, and could appear to have lost touch with reality. This lifelong disease canât be cured but can be controlled with proper treatment.

Contrary to popular belief, schizophrenia is not a split or multiple personality. Schizophrenia involves a psychosis, a type of mental illness in which a person canât tell whatâs real from whatâs imagined. At times, people with psychotic disorders lose touch with reality. The world may seem like a jumble of confusing thoughts, images, and sounds. Their behavior may be very strange and even shocking. A sudden change in personality and behavior, which happens when people who have it lose touch with reality, is called a psychotic episode.

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Are People With Schizophrenia Dangerous

Popular books and movies often depict people with schizophrenia and other mental illnesses as dangerous and violent. This usually isnât true. Most people with schizophrenia are not violent. More typically, they prefer to withdraw and be left alone. When people with mental illness do take part in dangerous or violent behaviors, itâs generally a result of their psychosis and the fear that theyâre being threatened in some way by their surroundings. Drug or alcohol use can make it worse.

On the other hand, people with schizophrenia can be a danger to themselves. Suicide is the top cause of premature death among people with schizophrenia.

What Questions Should I Ask My Healthcare Provider About Schizophreniform Disorder

  • Do I have schizophreniform disorder or schizophrenia?
  • How long do you estimate my symptoms will last?
  • What specialist should I see?
  • Can I attend work/school?
  • Do I need to be hospitalized?
  • Do I have another mental health disorder such as depression?
  • What medications do you recommend?

A note from Cleveland Clinic

Schizophreniform disorder can be devastating. It can make you act in odd ways, think inconsistent thoughts, change topics too quickly when you speak, express emotions inconsistently, change your relationships with others and damage how you see and interact with reality. It can be scary to experience, but fortunately, some specialists and treatments may help.

Remember to trust your friends and family and any healthcare provider youre working with. What you perceive as reality may not be true, so try to listen when they correct you. Take your medications exactly as ordered. See your healthcare providers frequently to ensure the best care. Manage depression symptoms that may occur and avoid substance abuse to improve your overall quality of life.

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How Is Schizophrenia Treated

The goal of schizophrenia treatment is to ease the symptoms and to cut the chances of a relapse, or return of symptoms. Treatment for schizophrenia may include:

  • Medications: The primary medications used to treat schizophrenia are called antipsychotics. These drugs donât cure schizophrenia but help relieve the most troubling symptoms, including delusions, hallucinations, and thinking problems.
  • Older antipsychotic medications used include:
  • Ziprasidone
  • Note: Clozapine is the only FDA-approved medication for treating schizophrenia that is resistant to other treatments. Itâs also used to lessen suicidal behaviors in those with schizophrenia who are at risk.

  • Hospitalization: Many people with schizophrenia may be treated as outpatients. But hospitalization may be the best option for people:
  • With severe symptoms
  • Who might harm themselves or others
  • Who canât take care of themselves at home
  • Research: Researchers are looking at a procedure called deep brain stimulation to treat schizophrenia. Doctors surgically implant electrodes that stimulate certain brain areas believed to control thinking and perception. DBS is an established treatment for severe Parkinsons disease and essential tremor, but itâs still experimental for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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    The Most Common Hallucination In Schizophrenia Is

    (Get Answer)

    Auditory hallucinations, or “hearing voices” is the most common hallucination in schizophrenia. Voices can seem to be coming from within one’s own mind, or externally and seem as if a person is talking to them. These voices may tell the person with schizophrenia to do things or comment on their behavior. The voices may even talk with one another. It is common for people with schizophrenia to hear voices for a long time before anyone else notices the problem. Other kinds of hallucinations experienced by people with schizophrenia include seeing people or objects that are not there, feeling as if they are being touched by invisible fingers, or smelling odors no one else can smell.

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    Genetic Risk For Schizophrenia

    Genetic studies are greatly accelerating our understanding of schizophrenia . Relatives who are genetically closer to a schizophrenic patient are more likely to develop the disorder themselves, so there is great interest in determining individual relatives’ risk for the disease, as well as understanding its genetic transmission. Two key themes are dominant in this work: twin or family studies of disease transmission, and the search for susceptibility genes. Twin and family studies reveal that there is a genetically transmitted risk for schizophrenia: adoption studies confirm this, and also control for differences in family environment that could conceivably promote the disease. Siblings of patients have a 14% lifetime risk of developing schizophrenia, and monozygotic twins of patients, who have identical genes, have a 48% risk. Risk therefore increases, the higher the proportion of genetic material in common with a patient. Intriguingly, an identical twins risk is not 100%. This shows that genes are not all-important in producing the disease. Discordance studies, where just one of two identical twins has the disease, are designed to study non-genetic triggers, which promote disease expression in some relatives but not others.

    Positive Symptoms Of Schizophrenia

    In this case, the word positive doesnât mean good. It refers to added thoughts or actions that arenât based in reality. Theyâre sometimes called psychotic symptoms and can include:

    • Delusions: These are false, mixed, and sometimes strange beliefs that arenât based in reality and that the person refuses to give up, even when shown the facts. For example, a person with delusions may believe that people can hear their thoughts, that they are God or the devil, or that people are putting thoughts into their head or plotting against them.
    • Hallucinations: These involve sensations that arent real. Hearing voices is the most common hallucination in people with schizophrenia. The voices may comment on the persons behavior, insult them, or give commands. Less common types include seeing things that arent there, smelling strange odors, having a funny taste in your mouth, and feeling sensations on your skin even though nothing is touching your body.
    • Catatonia: In this condition, the person may stop speaking, and their body may be fixed in a single position for a very long time.

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    Dissociation And Dissociative Disorders

    Dissociation is a mental process where a person disconnects from their thoughts, feelings, memories or sense of identity. Dissociative disorders include dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, depersonalisation disorder and dissociative identity disorder.

    For more information see: Dissociation and dissociative disorders

    Which Of The Following Statements Is True Regarding The Cognitive Deficits Associated With Schizo

    Psychologists Debunk 25 Mental-Health Myths

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia? a. Cognitive deficits are solely an outcome of schizophrenia b. Cognitive deficits act at both a risk factor and an outcome of schizophrenia c. Cognitive deficits are solely a risk factor for schizophrenia d. Cognitive deficits are neither a risk factor or an outcome of schizophrenia

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    Disorganized Symptoms Of Schizophrenia

    These are positive symptoms that show that the person canât think clearly or respond as expected. Examples include:

    • Talking in sentences that donât make sense or using nonsense words, making it difficult for the person to communicate or hold a conversation
    • Shifting quickly from one thought to the next without obvious or logical connections between them
    • Moving slowly
    • Being unable to make decisions
    • Writing excessively but without meaning
    • Forgetting or losing things
    • Repeating movements or gestures, like pacing or walking in circles
    • Having problems making sense of everyday sights, sounds, and feelings

    Family Education And Support

    Educational programs for family members, significant others, and friends offer instruction about schizophrenia symptoms and treatments, and strategies for assisting the person with the illness. Increasing key supporters understanding of psychotic symptoms, treatment options, and the course of recovery can lessen their distress, bolster coping and empowerment, and strengthen their capacity to offer effective assistance. Family-based services may be provided on an individual basis or through multi-family workshops and support groups. For more information about family-based services in your area, you can visit the family education and support groups page on the National Alliance on Mental Illness website.

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    Risk Factors For Bipolar Disorder And Schizophrenia

    No one knows what causes bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. However, genetics are probably a risk factor, as both conditions likely run in families. This doesnt mean that youll definitely inherit the disorder if your parent or sibling has it. Your risk increases, however, if multiple family members have the disorder. But knowing theres a risk increases the chance of early detection and treatment.

    Environmental factors may also contribute to your risk, but this connection isnt entirely understood yet.

    Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder

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    People with bipolar disorder experience episodes of intense emotions. These include three main types of episodes:

    • Manic episodes are times of increased activity and energy. A manic episode can make you feel extremely happy or elated.
    • Hypomanic episodes are similar to manic episodes, but theyre less intense.
    • Depressive episodes are similar to those of people with major depression. A person having a depressive episode will feel severely depressed and lose interest in activities that they used to enjoy.

    To be diagnosed with bipolar disorder, you have to have at least one episode of depression that meets the criteria for a major depressive episode. You must also have at least one episode that meets the criteria for a manic or hypomanic episode.

    Other behavioral changes that may be symptoms of bipolar disorder include:

    • restlessness
    • extreme self-confidence and impulsivity, in the case of a manic episode
    • suicidal thoughts, in the case of a depressive episode

    People with bipolar disorder can also experience psychotic symptoms during a manic or depressive episode. These can include hallucinations or delusions. Because of this, people may mistake their symptoms of bipolar disorder for those of schizophrenia.

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    This Problem Has Been Solved

    Which of the following statements is true aboutschizophrenia?

    a. People throughout the world suffer fromschizophrenia

    b. The symptoms associated with schizophrenia are the sameacross cultures

    c. Schizophrenia is not included in the Diagnosticand Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition

    d. People with schizophrenia have enlarged hippocampi

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    Frequency And Ages Affected

    Bipolar disorder affects approximately 2.2 percent of people in the United States. Typically, it first appears between the late teen years and early adulthood. Children can also show signs of bipolar disorder.

    Schizophrenia isnt as common as bipolar disorder. It affects 1.1 percent of the U.S. population. People usually learn they have it between the ages of 16 and 30. Schizophrenia isnt usually seen in children.

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